revising for AJP
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|
||||
\documentclass[prb,preprint]{revtex4-2}
|
||||
% The line above defines the type of LaTeX document.
|
||||
% Note that AJP uses the same style as Phys. Rev. B (prb).
|
||||
|
||||
% The % character begins a comment, which continues to the end of the line.
|
||||
|
||||
\usepackage{amsmath} % needed for \tfrac, \bmatrix, etc.
|
||||
\usepackage{amsfonts} % needed for bold Greek, Fraktur, and blackboard bold
|
||||
\usepackage{graphicx} % needed for figures
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{document}
|
||||
|
||||
% Be sure to use the \title, \author, \affiliation, and \abstract macros
|
||||
% to format your title page. Don't use lower-level macros to manually
|
||||
% adjust the fonts and centering.
|
||||
|
||||
\title{Preparation of manuscripts for the American Journal of Physics
|
||||
using \LaTeX}
|
||||
% In a long title you can use \\ to force a line break at a certain location.
|
||||
|
||||
%When submitting the manuscript for review, do not include the author's name or institution
|
||||
%\author{Daniel V. Schroeder}
|
||||
%\email{dschroeder@weber.edu} % optional
|
||||
%\altaffiliation[permanent address: ]{101 Main Street, Anytown, USA} % optional second address
|
||||
% If there were a second author at the same address, we would put another
|
||||
% \author{} statement here. Don't combine multiple authors in a single
|
||||
% \author statement.
|
||||
%\affiliation{Department of Physics, Weber State University, Ogden, UT 84408-2508}
|
||||
% Please provide a full mailing address here.
|
||||
|
||||
%\author{David P. Jackson}
|
||||
%\email{ajp@dickinson.edu}
|
||||
%\affiliation{Department of Physics, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA 17013}
|
||||
|
||||
% See the REVTeX documentation for more examples of author and affiliation lists.
|
||||
|
||||
\date{\today}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{abstract}
|
||||
This article explains and illustrates the use of \LaTeX\ in preparing manuscripts
|
||||
for submission to the American Journal of Physics (AJP). While it is not a
|
||||
comprehensive reference, we hope it will suffice for the needs of most
|
||||
AJP authors. For help on a specific question, an internet search engine will
|
||||
generally return many useful answers if the term ``latex'' is included in the
|
||||
search box.
|
||||
\end{abstract}
|
||||
% AJP requires an abstract for all regular article submissions.
|
||||
% Abstracts are optional for submissions to the "Notes and Discussions" section.
|
||||
|
||||
\maketitle % title page is now complete
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Introduction} % Section titles are automatically converted to all-caps.
|
||||
% Section numbering is automatic.
|
||||
|
||||
\LaTeX\ is typesetting software that is widely used by mathematicians
|
||||
and physicists because it is so good at typesetting equations. It is
|
||||
also completely programmable, so it can be configured to produce
|
||||
documents with almost any desired formatting, and to automatically
|
||||
number equations, figures, endnotes, and so on.
|
||||
|
||||
To prepare manuscripts for the American Journal of Physics (AJP),
|
||||
you should use the REV\TeX\ 4.1 format for Physical Review B
|
||||
preprints, as indicated in the \texttt{documentclass} line at the top
|
||||
of this article's source file. (If you're already familiar with
|
||||
\LaTeX\ and have used other \LaTeX\ formats, please resist the
|
||||
temptation to use them, or to otherwise override REV\TeX's formatting
|
||||
conventions, in manuscripts that you prepare for AJP.)
|
||||
|
||||
This sample article is intended as a tutorial, template, and reference for
|
||||
AJP authors, illustrating most of the \LaTeX\ and REV\TeX\ features that
|
||||
authors will need. For a more comprehensive introduction to \LaTeX,
|
||||
numerous books and online references are available.\cite{latexsite,
|
||||
wikibook, latexbook} Documentation for the REV\TeX\ package
|
||||
can be found on the APS web site.\cite{revtex}
|
||||
|
||||
\LaTeX\ is free software, available for Unix/Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows
|
||||
operating systems. For downloading and installation instructions, follow
|
||||
the links from the \LaTeX\ web site.\cite{latexsite} It is most
|
||||
convenient\cite{cloudLaTeX} to install a ``complete \TeX\ distribution,''
|
||||
which will include \LaTeX, the underlying \TeX\ engine, macro packages
|
||||
such as REV\TeX, a large collection of fonts, and GUI tools for editing
|
||||
and viewing your documents. To test your installation, try to process
|
||||
this sample article.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Ordinary text and paragraphs}
|
||||
|
||||
To typeset a paragraph of ordinary text, just type the text in your source
|
||||
file like this. Put line breaks
|
||||
wherever
|
||||
you
|
||||
want, and don't worry about extra spaces between words, which \LaTeX\ will ignore. You can almost always trust \LaTeX\ to make your paragraphs look good, with neatly justified margins. % Long lines of text are fine, since most editing programs will wrap them automatically.
|
||||
|
||||
To start a new paragraph, just leave a blank line in your source file.
|
||||
|
||||
A few punctuation characters require special treatment in \LaTeX. There
|
||||
are no ``smart quotes,'' so you need to use the left-quote key (at the
|
||||
top-left corner of the keyboard) for a left quote, and the ordinary apostrophe
|
||||
key (next to the semi-colon) for a right quote. Hit either key twice for double
|
||||
quotes, which are standard in American English. Don't use shift-apostrophe
|
||||
to make double quotes. Use single quotes when they're nested inside a
|
||||
double-quoted quotation. When a period or comma belongs at the end of
|
||||
a quotation, put it inside the quotes---even if it's not part of what you're
|
||||
quoting.\cite{nevermindlogic}
|
||||
|
||||
Your fingers also need to distinguish between a hyphen (used for
|
||||
multi-word adjectives and for hyphenated names like Lennard-Jones), an
|
||||
en-dash (formed by typing two consecutive hyphens, and used for ranges
|
||||
of numbers like 1--100), and an em-dash (formed out of three consecutive
|
||||
hyphens and used as an attention-getting punctuation symbol---preferably
|
||||
not too often).
|
||||
|
||||
Some non-alphanumeric symbols like \$, \&, and \% have special meanings
|
||||
in a \LaTeX\ source file, so if you want these symbols to appear in the output,
|
||||
you need to precede them with a backslash.
|
||||
|
||||
There are also special codes for generating the various accents
|
||||
that can appear in foreign-language words and names, such as Amp\`ere
|
||||
and Schr\"odinger.\cite{FontEncodingComment}
|
||||
|
||||
You can switch to \textit{italic}, \textbf{bold}, and \texttt{typewriter} fonts
|
||||
when necessary. Use curly braces to enclose the text that is to appear in
|
||||
the special font. In general, \LaTeX\ uses curly braces to group characters
|
||||
together for some common transformation.
|
||||
|
||||
Notice that any word or symbol preceded by the backslash character is
|
||||
a special instruction to \LaTeX, typically used to produce a special
|
||||
symbol or to modify the typeset output in some way. These instructions
|
||||
are also called \textit{control sequences} or \textit{macros}.
|
||||
After you've used \LaTeX\ for a while, the little finger of your right
|
||||
hand will be really good at finding the backslash and curly-brace keys.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Math symbols}
|
||||
|
||||
To type mathematical symbols and expressions within a paragraph, put
|
||||
them between \$ signs, which indicate \textit{math mode}: $ab + 2c/d = e-3f$.
|
||||
\LaTeX\ ignores spaces in math mode, using its own algorithms to determine
|
||||
the right amount of space between symbols. Notice that an ordinary letter
|
||||
like~$x$, when used in math mode, is automatically typeset in italics.
|
||||
This is why you need to use math mode for all mathematical
|
||||
expressions (except plain numerals), even when they don't contain any
|
||||
special symbols. But don't use math mode to italicize ordinary \textit{words}.
|
||||
|
||||
Besides ordinary letters and numerals and common arithmetic symbols, math
|
||||
mode provides a host of other characters that you can access via control
|
||||
sequences.\cite{wikimathpage} These include Greek letters like $\pi$ and
|
||||
$\Delta$ (note capitalization), symbols for operations and relations such
|
||||
as $\cdot$, $\times$, $\pm$, $\gg$, $\leq$, $\sim$, $\approx$, $\propto$,
|
||||
and $\rightarrow$, and special symbols like $\nabla$, $\partial$, $\infty$,
|
||||
and~$\hbar$. You can decorate symbols with dots ($\dot x$ or $\ddot x$),
|
||||
arrows ($\vec\mu$), bars ($\bar x$ or $\overline m$), hats ($\hat x$),
|
||||
tildes ($\tilde f$ or $\widetilde w$), and radicals ($\sqrt\pi$, $\sqrt{2/3}$).
|
||||
Parentheses and square brackets require no special keystrokes, but you
|
||||
can also make curly braces and angle brackets: $\{\langle\ \cdots\ \rangle\}$.
|
||||
|
||||
To make subscripts and superscripts, use the underscore and caret
|
||||
(circumflex) symbols on your keyboard: $x^\mu$, $g_{\mu\nu}$, $\delta^i_j$,
|
||||
$\epsilon^{ijk}$. Notice that you need to put the subscript or superscript
|
||||
in curly braces if it's longer than one character (or one control sequence).
|
||||
You can even make nested subscripts and superscripts, as in $e^{-x^2}$.
|
||||
If a subscript consists of an entire word or word-like abbreviation,
|
||||
we usually put it in plain Roman type: $x_\textrm{max}$. If you need to
|
||||
put a subscript or superscript \textit{before} a symbol, use an empty
|
||||
set of curly braces: ${}^{235}_{\ 92}\textrm{U}$. (Notice the trick of using
|
||||
backslash-space put a space before the 92.)
|
||||
|
||||
\newcommand{\bE}{\mathbf{E}} % defines the abbreviation \bE, used below
|
||||
|
||||
To make boldface letters you use the \verb/\mathbf/ control sequence, as in
|
||||
$\nabla\times\mathbf{E} = -\partial\mathbf{B}/\partial t$. For bold Greek
|
||||
letters like $\boldsymbol{\omega}$, you need to use \verb/\boldsymbol/
|
||||
instead. You can also use calligraphic ($\mathcal{E}$), Fraktur
|
||||
($\mathfrak{D}$), and blackboard bold ($\mathbb{R}$) fonts, if you need them.
|
||||
If you'll be using a symbol in a special font repeatedly, you can save
|
||||
some keystrokes by defining an abbreviation for it; for example, the
|
||||
definition \verb/\newcommand{\bE}{\mathbf{E}}/ allows you to type simply
|
||||
\verb/\bE/ to get $\bE$.
|
||||
|
||||
Unit abbreviations, as in $1~\mathrm{eV} = 1.6\times10^{-19}~\mathrm{J}$,
|
||||
should be in the plain Roman font, not italics. You can access this font
|
||||
from math mode using \verb/\mathrm/. For function names like $\sin\theta$,
|
||||
$\exp x$, and $\ln N!$, \LaTeX\ provides special control sequences,
|
||||
which you should use instead of \verb/\mathrm/ whenever possible because
|
||||
they work better with \LaTeX's automatic spacing algorithms.
|
||||
|
||||
But \LaTeX\ doesn't always get the spacing right in mathematical formulas.
|
||||
In the previous paragraph we had to use the \verb/~/ symbol to
|
||||
manually insert a space between each number and its units. The \verb/~/
|
||||
symbol actually represents an unbreakable space, where \LaTeX\ will never
|
||||
insert a line break. For occasional minor adjustments to the spacing
|
||||
in a \LaTeX\ expression, you can insert or remove a little
|
||||
space with \verb/\,/ and \verb/\!/. Use these macros sparingly,
|
||||
because \LaTeX's default spacing rules will provide more consistency
|
||||
within and among AJP articles. The most common use of \verb/\,/
|
||||
is in expressions like $T\,dS - P\,dV$.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Displayed equations}
|
||||
\label{DispEqSection} % You can label sections for reference
|
||||
|
||||
When an equation is important and/or tall and/or complicated, you should
|
||||
display it on a line by itself, with a number. To do this, you put
|
||||
\verb/\begin{equation}/ before the equation and \verb/\end{equation}/
|
||||
after it, as in % Note: never put a blank line before an equation.
|
||||
\begin{equation}
|
||||
\int_0^\infty \! \frac{x^3}{e^x - 1} \, dx = 6\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac1{k^4} =
|
||||
6\left(\frac{\pi^4}{90}\right) = \frac{\pi^4}{15}.
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
% Don't put a blank line after the equation unless you're starting a new paragraph.
|
||||
This example also shows how to make the sum and integral symbols, big parentheses,
|
||||
% Don't use \left and \right for small parentheses; you'll get too much space around them.
|
||||
and built-up fractions. (Don't put built-up fractions in a
|
||||
non-displayed equation, because there won't be enough vertical space in
|
||||
AJP's final, single-spaced paragraphs. Use the slashed form, $x^3/(e^x-1)$,
|
||||
instead.)
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to refer to an equation elsewhere in your manuscript, you can
|
||||
give it a label. For example, in the equation
|
||||
\begin{equation}
|
||||
\label{deriv}
|
||||
\frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t} \mathop{\longrightarrow}_{\Delta t\rightarrow0} \frac{dx}{dt}
|
||||
= \lim_{\Delta t\rightarrow0} \frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t}
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
we've inserted \verb/\label{deriv}/ to label this equation
|
||||
\texttt{deriv}.\cite{labelnames} To refer to
|
||||
Eq.~(\ref{deriv}), we then type \verb/\ref{deriv}/.\cite{footnotes} Notice
|
||||
that AJP's style conventions also require you to put the equation number in
|
||||
parentheses when you refer to it, and to abbreviate ``Eq.''\ unless it's at
|
||||
the beginning of a sentence.
|
||||
|
||||
Some equations require more complicated layouts. In the equation
|
||||
\begin{equation}
|
||||
E_n = (n + \tfrac12)\hbar, \quad \textrm{where}\ n = 0, 1, 2, \ldots,
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
we've used \verb/\quad/ to leave a wide space and \verb/\textrm/ to put ``where''
|
||||
in plain Roman type. To create a matrix or column vector, as in
|
||||
\begin{equation}
|
||||
\begin{bmatrix}
|
||||
t' \\
|
||||
x' \\
|
||||
\end{bmatrix}
|
||||
=
|
||||
\begin{pmatrix}
|
||||
\gamma & -\beta\gamma \\
|
||||
-\beta\gamma & \gamma \\
|
||||
\end{pmatrix}
|
||||
\begin{bmatrix}
|
||||
t \\
|
||||
x \\
|
||||
\end{bmatrix},
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
you can use the \texttt{pmatrix} and/or \texttt{bmatrix} environment,
|
||||
for matrices delimited by parentheses and/or brackets. There's also
|
||||
a plain \texttt{matrix} environment that omits the delimiters.
|
||||
In this and other examples of \LaTeX\ tables and arrays, the \verb/&/
|
||||
character serves as a ``tab'' to separate columns, while the \verb/\\/
|
||||
control sequence marks the end of a row.
|
||||
|
||||
For a list of related equations, with nicely lined-up equals signs,
|
||||
use the \texttt{eqnarray} environment:
|
||||
\begin{eqnarray}
|
||||
\oint \vec B \cdot d\vec\ell & = & -\frac{d\Phi_E}{dt} ; \\
|
||||
\oint \vec E \cdot d\vec\ell & = & \mu_0\epsilon_0\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt} + \mu_0 I.
|
||||
\end{eqnarray}
|
||||
You can also use \texttt{eqnarray} to make a multi-line equation, for example,
|
||||
\begin{eqnarray}
|
||||
\mathcal{Z}
|
||||
& = & 1 + e^{-(\epsilon-\mu)/kT} + e^{-2(\epsilon-\mu)/kT} + \cdots \nonumber \\
|
||||
& = & 1 + e^{-(\epsilon-\mu)/kT} + (e^{-(\epsilon-\mu)/kT})^2 + \cdots \nonumber \\
|
||||
& = & \frac{1}{1 - e^{-(\epsilon-\mu)/kT}}.
|
||||
\end{eqnarray}
|
||||
Here the first column of the second and third lines is empty. Note that you
|
||||
can use \verb/\nonumber/ within any line to suppress the generation of
|
||||
an equation number; just be sure that each multi-line equation has at least
|
||||
one number.
|
||||
|
||||
Another commonly used structure is the \texttt{cases} environment, as in
|
||||
\begin{equation}
|
||||
m(T) =
|
||||
\begin{cases}
|
||||
0 & T > T_c \, , \\
|
||||
\bigl(1 - [\sinh 2 \beta J]^{-4} \bigr)^{1/8} & T < T_c \, .
|
||||
\end{cases}
|
||||
\end{equation}
|
||||
|
||||
At AJP we require that you put correct punctuation before and after every
|
||||
displayed equation, treating each equation as part of a correctly punctuated
|
||||
English sentence.\cite{mermin} The preceding examples illustrate good
|
||||
equation punctuation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Figures}
|
||||
|
||||
\LaTeX\ can import figures via the \verb/\includegraphics/ macro.
|
||||
For AJP, you should embed this in the \texttt{figure} environment, which
|
||||
can place the figure in various locations. This environment also lets
|
||||
you add a caption (which AJP requires) and an optional label for referring
|
||||
to the figure from elsewhere. See Fig.~\ref{gasbulbdata} for an example.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{figure}[h!]
|
||||
% The bracketed code determines the figure's placement: "h" stands for
|
||||
% "here", telling LaTeX to put the figure as close to the current location
|
||||
% as possible. The ! overrides LaTeX's tendency to try to find a location
|
||||
% that it thinks is better. But don't agonize over the exact figure placement
|
||||
% in your submitted manuscript. For your initial submission, just make sure
|
||||
% each figure is reasonably close to where it's first referenced.
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\includegraphics{GasBulbData.eps}
|
||||
\caption{Pressure as a function of temperature for a fixed volume of air.
|
||||
The three data sets are for three different amounts of air in the container.
|
||||
For an ideal gas, the pressure would go to zero at $-273^\circ$C. (Notice
|
||||
that this is a vector graphic, so it can be viewed at any scale without
|
||||
seeing pixels.)}
|
||||
\label{gasbulbdata}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
Most \LaTeX\ implementations can import a variety of graphics formats.
|
||||
For graphs and line drawings you should use vector (i.e., resolution-independent)
|
||||
graphics saved in encapsulated PostScript (.eps), scalable vector graphics (.svg),
|
||||
or portable document format (.pdf). Most good graphics software systems can
|
||||
save to these formats. Please don't use a rasterized graphics format
|
||||
(such as .jpg or .png or .tiff) for graphs or line drawings.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{figure}[h!]
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\includegraphics[width=5in]{ThreeSunsets.jpg}
|
||||
% Notice the width specification. Photographs should normally have a
|
||||
% resolution of approximately 300 pixels per inch when printed, that is,
|
||||
% a total width of about 1000 pixels for a photo to be printed one column
|
||||
% wide. Note also that this included photo is in .jpg format even though
|
||||
% a .tiff version should be submitted for final production.
|
||||
\caption{Three overlaid sequences of photos of the setting sun, taken
|
||||
near the December solstice (left), September equinox (center), and
|
||||
June solstice (right), all from the same location at 41$^\circ$ north
|
||||
latitude. The time interval between images in each sequence is approximately
|
||||
four minutes.}
|
||||
\label{sunsets}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
|
||||
For photographs and other images that are \textit{inherently} made
|
||||
of pixels (that is, rasters or bitmaps), \LaTeX\ can
|
||||
(usually) handle the .jpg and .png formats as well as .eps and .pdf.
|
||||
Figure~\ref{sunsets} is a .jpg example. For final production, however,
|
||||
AJP prefers that raster images be in .tiff format. Most \LaTeX\ systems
|
||||
can't import .tiff images, so we recommend using .png or .jpg with \LaTeX\
|
||||
for your initial submission, while saving a higher-quality .tiff version
|
||||
to submit as a separate file after your manuscript is conditionally accepted
|
||||
for publication.
|
||||
|
||||
Please refer to the AJP editor's web site\cite{editorsite} for more details
|
||||
on AJP's requirements for figure preparation.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Tables}
|
||||
|
||||
Tables are somewhat similar to figures: You use the \texttt{table} environment
|
||||
to let them ``float'' to an appropriate location, and to automatically number
|
||||
them and format their captions. But whereas the content of a figure comes
|
||||
from an external file, the content of a table is typeset directly in \LaTeX.
|
||||
For that you use the \texttt{tabular} environment, which uses \verb/&/ and
|
||||
\verb/\\/ for tabbing and ending rows, just like the \texttt{matrix} and
|
||||
\texttt{eqnarray} environments discussed in Section~\ref{DispEqSection}.
|
||||
|
||||
Table~\ref{bosons} shows a fairly simple example. Notice that the caption comes
|
||||
before the table itself, so it will appear above the table instead of below.
|
||||
The \texttt{ruledtabular} environment, which surrounds \texttt{tabular},
|
||||
provides the double horizontal lines at the top and bottom, and stretches
|
||||
the table horizontally out to the margins. (This will look funny for tables
|
||||
intended to fill only one column of a final journal page, but there's no
|
||||
need to worry about such cosmetic details.)
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{table}[h!]
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\caption{Elementary bosons}
|
||||
\begin{ruledtabular}
|
||||
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c p{5cm}}
|
||||
% The codes above determine the horizontal alignment in each column.
|
||||
% Options are l (left), r (right), c (centered), and p (paragraph).
|
||||
% The p option allows an entry to be broken into multiple lines, and
|
||||
% therefore requires a width specification, in this case 5 centimeters.
|
||||
Name & Symbol & Mass (GeV/$c^2$) & Spin & Discovered & Interacts with \\
|
||||
\hline % horizontal line to separate headings from data
|
||||
Photon & $\gamma$ & \ \ 0 & 1 & 1905 & Electrically charged particles \\
|
||||
Gluons & $g$ & \ \ 0 & 1 & 1978 & Strongly interacting particles (quarks and gluons) \\
|
||||
Weak charged bosons & $W^\pm$ & \ 82 & 1 & 1983 & Quarks, leptons, $W^\pm$, $Z^0$, $\gamma$ \\
|
||||
Weak neutral boson & $Z^0$ & \ 91 & 1 & 1983 & Quarks, leptons, $W^\pm$, $Z^0$ \\
|
||||
Higgs boson & $H$ & 126 & 0 & 2012 & Massive particles (according to theory) \\
|
||||
\end{tabular}
|
||||
\end{ruledtabular}
|
||||
\label{bosons}
|
||||
\end{table}
|
||||
% Tables, like figure captions, should be moved to the end when you submit
|
||||
% an editable manuscript for production, after conditional acceptance.
|
||||
% Put the tables after the endnotes but before the figure captions.
|
||||
|
||||
Every table is a little bit different, and many tables will require
|
||||
further tricks; see Refs.\ \onlinecite{wikibook} and~\onlinecite{latexbook}
|
||||
for examples. Note that the AJP style does not ordinarily use lines
|
||||
to separate rows and columns in the body of a table.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Special formats}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Block quotes} % In subsection headings, only the first word is capitalized.
|
||||
|
||||
If a quoted passage is long or important, you can use the \texttt{quote}
|
||||
environment to typeset it as a block quote, as in this passage from The
|
||||
Feynman Lectures:\cite{feynman}
|
||||
\begin{quote}
|
||||
A poet once said, ``The whole universe is in a glass of wine.'' We will
|
||||
probably never know in what sense he meant that, for poets do not write
|
||||
to be understood. But it is true that if we look at a glass of wine closely
|
||||
enough we see the entire universe.
|
||||
\end{quote}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Numbered lists}
|
||||
|
||||
To create a numbered list, use the \texttt{enumerate} environment and start
|
||||
each entry with the \verb/\item/ macro:
|
||||
\begin{enumerate}
|
||||
\item You can't win.
|
||||
\item You can't even break even.
|
||||
\item You can't get out of the game.
|
||||
\end{enumerate}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Unnumbered lists}
|
||||
|
||||
For a bulleted list, just use \texttt{itemize} instead of \texttt{enumerate}:
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item Across a resistor, $\Delta V = \pm IR$.
|
||||
\item Across a capacitor, $\Delta V = \pm Q/C$.
|
||||
\item Across an inductor, $\Delta V = \pm L(dI/dt)$.
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Literal text}
|
||||
|
||||
For typesetting computer code, the \texttt{verbatim} environment reproduces
|
||||
every character verbatim, in a typewriter font:
|
||||
\begin{verbatim}
|
||||
u[t_] := NIntegrate[
|
||||
x^2 * Sqrt[x^2+t^-2] / (Exp[Sqrt[x^2+t^-2]] + 1), {x,0,Infinity}]
|
||||
f[t_] := NIntegrate[
|
||||
x^2 * Log[1+ Exp[-Sqrt[x2+t^-2]]], {x,0,Infinity}]
|
||||
Plot[((11Pi^4/90) / (u[t]+f[t]+(2Pi^4/45)))^(1/3), {t,0,3}]
|
||||
\end{verbatim}
|
||||
There's also a \verb/\verb/ macro for typesetting short snippets of verbatim
|
||||
text within a paragraph. To use this macro, pick any character that doesn't
|
||||
appear within the verbatim text to use as a delimiter. Most of the examples
|
||||
in this article use \texttt{/} as a delimiter, but in \verb|{a/b}| we've used
|
||||
\verb/|/ instead.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Endnotes and references}
|
||||
|
||||
This article has already cited quite a few endnotes, using the \verb/\cite/
|
||||
macro. See the end of this article (and source file) for the endnotes
|
||||
themselves, which are in an environment called \texttt{thebibliography}
|
||||
and are created with the \verb/\bibitem/ macro. These macros require
|
||||
you to give each endnote a name. The notes will be numbered in the
|
||||
order in which the \verb/\bibitem/ entries appear, and AJP requires that
|
||||
this order coincide with the order in which the notes are first cited in
|
||||
the article. You can cite multiple endnotes in a single \verb/\cite/,
|
||||
separating their names by commas. And you can cite each note as many
|
||||
times as you like.
|
||||
|
||||
Notice that in the AJP (and Physical Review B) style, the citation numbers
|
||||
appear as superscripts. Think carefully about the optimal placement of
|
||||
each citation, and try not to attach citations to math symbols where the
|
||||
numbers might be misinterpreted as exponents. Often there will be a
|
||||
punctuation symbol after the word where you attach the citation; you
|
||||
should then put the citation \textit{after} the punctuation, not
|
||||
before.\cite{nevermindlogic}
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to refer directly to Ref.~\onlinecite{mermin} (or any other)
|
||||
in a sentence, you can do so with the \verb/\onlinecite/ macro.
|
||||
|
||||
Most endnotes consist of bibliographic citations.\cite{noBIBTeX} Be sure
|
||||
to learn and use the AJP styles for citing books,\cite{latexbook}
|
||||
articles,\cite{dyson} edited volumes,\cite{examplevolume} and
|
||||
URLs.\cite{latexsite} For example, article titles are in double quotes,
|
||||
while book titles are in italics. Pay careful attention to all punctuation
|
||||
symbols in citations. Note that AJP requires that all article citations
|
||||
include titles as well as beginning and ending page numbers.
|
||||
Please use standard abbreviations, as listed in the AIP Style
|
||||
Manual,\cite{AIPstylemanual} for journal titles.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Conclusion}
|
||||
|
||||
We hope this article will help you prepare beautifully typeset
|
||||
manuscripts for the American Journal of Physics. Good typesetting requires
|
||||
considerable attention to detail, but this effort will pay off by making your
|
||||
manuscript easier and more enjoyable to read. Your colleagues, reviewers,
|
||||
and editors will be grateful for your effort.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, we encourage you to put as much care into the \textit{content}
|
||||
of your manuscript as you put into its form. The AIP Style
|
||||
Manual\cite{AIPstylemanual} is an indispensable reference on good physics
|
||||
writing, covering everything from planning and organization to standard
|
||||
spellings and abbreviations.
|
||||
|
||||
Most important of all, please familiarize yourself with the AJP Statement
|
||||
of Editorial Policy,\cite{editorsite} which describes the types of manuscripts
|
||||
that AJP publishes and the audience for which AJP authors are expected to write.
|
||||
You wouldn't want to put all that care into preparing a manuscript for AJP,
|
||||
only to find that AJP is the wrong journal for your manuscript.
|
||||
|
||||
We look forward to receiving your submission to AJP.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\appendix* % Omit the * if there's more than one appendix.
|
||||
|
||||
\section{Uninteresting stuff}
|
||||
|
||||
Appendices are for material that is needed for completeness but
|
||||
not sufficiently interesting to include in the main body of the paper. Most
|
||||
articles don't need any appendices, but feel free to use them when
|
||||
appropriate. This sample article needs an appendix only to illustrate how
|
||||
to create an appendix.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{acknowledgments}
|
||||
|
||||
We gratefully acknowledge Harvey Gould and Jan Tobochnik, who created an earlier
|
||||
AJP \LaTeX\ sample article that inspired this one. This work was supported by the
|
||||
American Association of Physics Teachers.
|
||||
|
||||
\end{acknowledgments}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
|
||||
% The numeral (here 99) in curly braces is nominally the number of entries in
|
||||
% the bibliography. It's supposed to affect the amount of space around the
|
||||
% numerical labels, so only the number of digits should matter--and even that
|
||||
% seems to make no discernible difference.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{latexsite} \LaTeX\ Project Web Site, \url{<http://www.latex-project.org/>}.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{wikibook} \textit{\LaTeX} (Wikibook), \url{<http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/>}.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{latexbook}Helmut Kopka and Patrick W. Daly, \textit{A Guide to
|
||||
\LaTeX}, 4th edition (Addison-Wesley, Boston, 2004).
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{revtex} REV\TeX\ 4 Home Page, \url{<https://authors.aps.org/revtex4/>}.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{cloudLaTeX} On the other hand, you can avoid the installation process
|
||||
entirely by using a cloud-based \LaTeX\ processor such as Overleaf,
|
||||
\url{<https://www.overleaf.com/>}.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{nevermindlogic} In typography, aesthetics often takes precedence over logic.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{FontEncodingComment} Please don't try to handle foreign characters
|
||||
and accents with the \texttt{inputenc} and \texttt{fontenc} packages, which
|
||||
are incompatible with AJP's editing process.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{wikimathpage} See the Mathematics chapter of Ref.~\onlinecite{wikibook}
|
||||
for an excellent overview of math symbols and equations, with examples.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{labelnames} Thinking up a good label name takes a moment, but
|
||||
it's worth the trouble; we strongly advise against using labels like
|
||||
\texttt{eq2}, which become extremely confusing after you decide to add
|
||||
another equation before Eq.~(\ref{deriv}).
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{footnotes} You need to process a file twice to get the counters correct.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{mermin} N. David Mermin, ``What's wrong with these equations?,''
|
||||
Phys. Today \textbf{42} (10), 9--11 (1989).
|
||||
% Note that the issue number (10) in this citation is required, because
|
||||
% each issue of Physics Today starts over with page 1. Also note the use of
|
||||
% an en-dash (--), not a hyphen (-), for the page range.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{editorsite} American Journal of Physics Editor's Web Site,
|
||||
\url{<https://ajp.aapt.org/>}.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{feynman} Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, and Matthew Sands,
|
||||
\textit{The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.\ 1} (Addison-Wesley, 1964), p.~3-10.
|
||||
% Note that this book is paginated by chapter; "3-10" is a single page reference
|
||||
% that uses a hyphen, not a range of pages that would us an en-dash (--).
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{noBIBTeX} Many \LaTeX\ users manage their bibliographic data with
|
||||
a tool called BIB\TeX. Unfortunately, AJP cannot accept BIB\TeX\ files; all
|
||||
bibliographic references must be incorporated into the manuscript file
|
||||
as shown here, at least when you send an editable file for production.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{dyson} Freeman J. Dyson, ``Feynman's proof of the Maxwell equations,''
|
||||
Am. J. Phys. \textbf{58} (3), 209--211.
|
||||
% The issue number (3) in this citation is optional, because AJP's pagination
|
||||
% is by volume.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{examplevolume} M. R. Flannery, ``Elastic scattering,'' in
|
||||
\textit{Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Handbook}, edited by
|
||||
G. W. F. Drake (AIP Press, New York, 1996), p.~520.
|
||||
|
||||
\bibitem{AIPstylemanual} \textit{AIP Style Manual}, 4th edition (American
|
||||
Institute of Physics, New York, 1990). Available online at
|
||||
\url{<https://www.aapt.org/Publications/upload/aip_style_4thed.pdf>}. Although parts of
|
||||
it have been made out of date by advancing technology, most of this manual
|
||||
is still as useful as ever. Just be sure to follow AJP's specific rules
|
||||
whenever they conflict with those in the manual.
|
||||
|
||||
\end{thebibliography}
|
||||
|
||||
\end{document}
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
|
||||
@CONTROL{REVTEX41Control}
|
||||
@CONTROL{apsrev41Control,author="08",editor="1",pages="0",title="",year="1"}
|
||||
BIN
editing/AmJPhys_SampleManuscript-2/ThreeSunsets.jpg
Normal file
BIN
editing/AmJPhys_SampleManuscript-2/ThreeSunsets.jpg
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 63 KiB |
BIN
editing/AmJPhys_SampleManuscript-2/__MACOSX/._GasBulbData.eps
Normal file
BIN
editing/AmJPhys_SampleManuscript-2/__MACOSX/._GasBulbData.eps
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
BIN
editing/AmJPhys_SampleManuscript-2/__MACOSX/._ThreeSunsets.jpg
Normal file
BIN
editing/AmJPhys_SampleManuscript-2/__MACOSX/._ThreeSunsets.jpg
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
Reference in New Issue
Block a user